U.S. Energy Facts & Statistics
Production, consumption, prices, electricity, trade, and emissions · Page built September 02, 2026. Every figure below is labeled with the period it covers.
The United States produced 106.95 quads of primary energy in 2025 and consumed 96.26, making it a net energy exporter for the 7th consecutive year. Electricity generation totaled 4,430 terawatt-hours in 2025, led by natural gas at 40.8%. Energy-related carbon dioxide emissions were 4,904 million metric tons. A quad is a quadrillion British thermal units, roughly the energy in 8 billion gallons of gasoline.
What changed
- Solar grew fastest among renewable sources over ten years, up 620% since 2015.
- Natural gas was the largest source of U.S. electricity in 2025 at 40.8% of generation.
- The United States has been a net energy exporter every year since 2019.
- Energy production rose 3.3% from 2024 to 2025.
Generated from the published series below, not written by hand. Sources: EIA Monthly Energy Review and EIA electricity data.
The national balance, 2025
U.S. resident population 341.8 million. Source: EIA Monthly Energy Review, annual data through 2025.
What Americans pay for energy
National averages, each on its own publication schedule. These are the numbers the rest of this site exists to explain.
| Price | Latest | Data through | More |
|---|---|---|---|
| Residential electricity | 18.34¢/kWh | June 2026 | Rates by state |
| Average monthly electric bill | $170.65 | June 2026 | Why bills are rising |
| Gasoline, regular | $4.07/gal | September 01, 2026 | Why gas costs what it does |
| Home heating, cheapest fuel | natural gas | 2025–26 heating season | Heating cost by fuel |
Electricity rates by state
Electricity is the one of these that varies most by where you live: Hawaii averages 52.72¢/kWh against 13.11¢ in Nevada, a spread of about 4.0 times.
Average residential electricity rate, June 2026. Click a state for its page. Source: EIA.
Gasoline prices by state
Gasoline varies less across states than electricity does, 1.7 times between the highest and lowest against 4.0 times for power, because crude oil trades on a world market and every state pays about the same for it. What is left comes from taxes, fuel-blend rules, and distance from a refinery: California averages $5.70 against $3.39 in Indiana, a gap of $2.31 a gallon.
Average regular gasoline, September 01, 2026. Click a state for its page. Source: AAA; see why gas costs what it does.
Energy sources: produced and consumed, 2025
- Petroleum
- Natural gas
- Coal
- Nuclear
- Renewables
Production and consumption are shown separately because they tell different stories. A country can export a great deal of something it barely uses.
| Source | Produced | Share | Consumed | Share | vs 2024 | 10-year | Balance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Petroleum | 28.21 | 26.4% | 37.62 | 39.1% | +2.4% | +43% | consumes more |
| Natural gas | 40.70 | 38.1% | 34.63 | 36.0% | +4.0% | +45% | produces more |
| Coal | 10.88 | 10.2% | 8.67 | 9.0% | +2.8% | -39% | produces more |
| Nuclear | 8.20 | 7.7% | 8.20 | 8.5% | +0.4% | -2% | consumes more |
| Renewables | 9.23 | 8.6% | 8.83 | 9.2% | +3.4% | +35% | produces more |
Quadrillion Btu. Nuclear is reported as a single production-equals-consumption series. Source: EIA Monthly Energy Review, 2025.
Renewables, broken out
- Wood
- Waste
- Biofuels
- Hydroelectric
- Wind
- Solar
- Geothermal
"Renewables" combines sources that behave nothing like one another, so a single number hides more than it shows. Together they were 8.83 quads of consumption in 2025.
Biomass is itself three unlike things, which is why it is split here. Wood and waste have shrunk since 1990. Biofuels went from almost nothing to the largest single renewable source, and account for 117% of all the growth in biomass over that period, more than 100% because the other two fell. Fuel ethanol is 47% of biofuels today and 55% of the growth on its own, so it is the largest single contributor but not the whole story: ethanol has been roughly flat since 2015 at around 1.18 quads, and the recent growth is renewable diesel and other biofuels.
| Source | Quads | Share of renewables | 10-year change |
|---|---|---|---|
| Biofuels | 2.57 | 29.1% | +18% |
| Wood | 1.91 | 21.6% | -17% |
| Wind | 1.58 | 17.9% | +143% |
| Solar | 1.44 | 16.3% | +620% |
| Hydroelectric | 0.84 | 9.5% | -1.0% |
| Waste | 0.37 | 4.2% | -29% |
| Geothermal | 0.12 | 1.4% | no change |
Electricity generation by source, 2025
- Coal
- Natural gas
- Nuclear
- Hydroelectric
- Wind
- Solar
- Other
Utility-scale generation, 4,430 terawatt-hours in total.
| Source | TWh | Share | Share 10 years earlier |
|---|---|---|---|
| Natural gas | 1,807.3 | 40.8% | 32.7% |
| Nuclear | 784.8 | 17.7% | 19.6% |
| Coal | 737.2 | 16.6% | 33.2% |
| Wind | 464.4 | 10.5% | 4.7% |
| Solar | 295.7 | 6.7% | 0.6% |
| Hydroelectric | 247.0 | 5.6% | 6.1% |
| Geothermal, biomass, petroleum and other | 93.1 | 2.1% | 3.2% |
Small-scale (rooftop and other distributed) solar added a further 93.1 TWh in 2025 and is not included in the utility-scale total above. Source: EIA electric power operational data, all sectors, 2025. See also how the world's electricity mix compares.
For the reactor fleet, generation history and uranium supply, see the U.S. nuclear power reference hub.
Trade: energy exports vs. imports
The United States exported more energy than it imported in 2025, by 10.96 quads. That has held every year since 2019, after 66 years as a net importer.
Source: EIA Monthly Energy Review, annual series back to 1949. Compare with the largest producing countries.
Energy use per person
Emissions
Energy-related carbon dioxide emissions were 4,904 million metric tons in 2025, of which 1,485 came from the electric power sector. That works out to about 0.3 grams of CO₂ per kilowatt-hour generated.
Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. Sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particulates are air-quality pollutants and are counted separately; see air pollution from energy for that measure. Source: EIA Monthly Energy Review, 2025.
Air pollution from burning fuel
Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. The pollutants below are different: they are the ones regulated for air quality, the ones that cause smog and harm lungs. Burning fuel emits them, so they fall when combustion gets cleaner or when less fuel is burned.
| Pollutant | 2002 | 2024 | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| SO₂ | 12,742 | 897 | -93% |
| NOₓ | 7,493 | 2,263 | -70% |
| PM10 | 1,425 | 900 | -37% |
| PM2.5 | 1,103 | 838 | -24% |
| CO | 4,604 | 4,730 | +3% |
| VOC | 539 | 630 | +17% |
Thousand tons a year, from the FUEL COMB. source categories (electric utilities, industrial, and other) in EPA's national tier-1 inventory. Ozone is not on this chart because it is not emitted: it forms in the atmosphere from nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds, both of which are. Lead is tracked separately following the leaded-gasoline phase-out.
Read the two rising lines with care. The whole increase in both sits in EPA's residential and commercial category, up 43% for volatile organic compounds and 32% for carbon monoxide, rather than in power plants or industry, where combustion emissions of every pollutant fell (for volatile organic compounds, power plants -44% and industry -22%). EPA attributes changes in that category to how it estimates residential wood burning, and our own fuel data is the check: residential wood energy use fell 9% over the same period, well short of the rise in the emissions attributed to it. Treat those two lines as an inventory revision more than a real-world increase. Fuel combustion is also a small slice of the national VOC total, 4.9% in 2024, and that total fell 26% across all sources. The air quality section works through it.
One reporting note: CO, PM10, PM2.5, VOC repeat the previous year's figure in 2024, the final year of the chart. EPA updates nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide every year from power-plant monitors, but re-estimates the others on its inventory cycle, so that last point is carried forward rather than measured. The years before it come from EPA's 2020 national emissions inventory and its emissions modeling for the years since.
The chart starts in 2002 because EPA's inventory has methodology breaks before then, not because the record does. Fine particulates appear to jump 103% in 1999 and volatile organic compounds to fall 55% in 2002; neither happened in the world. From 2002 the largest single-year move is sulfur dioxide's 28% fall in 2016, which is real. The series runs back to 1970 for every pollutant except PM2.5, and over that longer span carbon monoxide from combustion is roughly flat.
The longer record, 1970 to 2024
EPA's record starts in 1970 for five of the six, and in 1990 for fine particulates, which were not measured before then. Indexed to 1990 = 100 so the shape of each decline is visible: on an absolute scale sulfur dioxide, at more than twenty times the smallest series in 1970, flattens the rest into the axis. Values above 100 are years before the base.
| Pollutant | Record starts | First year | 1990 | 2002 | 2024 | Since first year | Since 1990 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SO₂ | 1970 | 23,456 | 20,290 | 12,742 | 897 | -96% | -96% |
| NOₓ | 1970 | 10,061 | 10,894 | 7,493 | 2,263 | -78% | -79% |
| VOC | 1970 | 721 | 1,005 | 539 | 630 | -13% | -37% |
| PM10 | 1970 | 2,871 | 1,196 | 1,425 | 900 | -69% | -25% |
| CO | 1970 | 4,632 | 5,511 | 4,604 | 4,730 | +2% | -14% |
| PM2.5 | 1990 | 909 | 909 | 1,103 | 838 | -8% | -8% |
Four of these lines contain breaks in how EPA estimates them, not changes in the air. Volatile organic compounds fall 55% in 2002, fine particulates rise 103% and coarse particulates 75% in 1999, carbon monoxide rises 63% in 1980 and falls 35% in 1990. Those steps are accounting revisions and should not be read as emissions moving. Sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides carry no such break, which is why the indexed chart above starts in 2002 and why these two are the ones EPA measures at the stack rather than re-estimating. Sulfur dioxide is the largest single air-quality gain in the record: scrubbers, the acid-rain trading program, low-sulfur fuel rules and the shift away from coal-fired power.
How the U.S. compares
The U.S. energy system is unusual among large economies in both scale and price. Our world section compares 39 countries on household electricity, 31 on natural gas, and covers the energy mix of 79 countries.
Frequently asked questions
How much energy does the United States produce and consume?
In 2025 the U.S. produced 106.95 quadrillion Btu of primary energy and consumed 96.26, per the EIA Monthly Energy Review. A quad is a quadrillion British thermal units. Producing more than it consumes makes the country a net energy exporter.
Is the U.S. a net energy exporter?
Yes. Net energy imports were -10.96 quads in 2025, a negative number meaning exports exceeded imports, which has been true every year since 2019.
What is the largest source of U.S. electricity?
Natural gas, at 40.8% of 2025 generation (1,807.3 terawatt-hours), per EIA. The full mix is in the table above.
How much of U.S. energy is renewable?
Renewables were 8.83 quads of consumption in 2025, 9.2% of the total. That figure combines five sources that behave differently: biofuels 29.1%, wood 21.6%, wind 17.9%, solar 16.3%, hydroelectric 9.5%, waste 4.2%, geothermal 1.4% of the renewable total. We show them separately for that reason.
Why do the numbers on this page have different dates?
Because the underlying series do. The Monthly Energy Review annual totals, electricity generation, and the weekly and monthly price series all publish on their own schedules. Every figure here is labeled with the period it covers rather than a single site-wide date that would be wrong for most of them.
Go deeper
Sources: EIA Monthly Energy Review (production, consumption, trade, emissions, energy by source), EIA electric power operational data (generation by fuel), and the EIA and AAA price series described on our methodology page.