Where Are America's Data Centers?

PNNL IM3 atlas, data as of 2026-02-12 · last verified 2026-08-15 · page updated August 15, 2026

This map shows 1237 data-center buildings across 44 states, from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory's IM3 Open Source Data Center Atlas. Virginia leads by a wide margin, followed by Texas, Oregon, California and Ohio. The atlas derives its locations from OpenStreetMap, a crowd-sourced database, so this is the best open compilation available, not a census of every facility; coverage is incomplete where facilities have not been mapped.

Data-center buildings in the contiguous US, one dot per atlas record

1236 building-level records shown; 1 record in Puerto Rico is in the table below but outside the map frame. Locations: PNNL IM3 atlas, derived from OpenStreetMap (© OpenStreetMap contributors, ODbL). State outlines: Natural Earth (public domain). Alaska and Hawaii have no building-level records in this atlas version.

Data centers by state

1–3 3–8 8–14 14–42 42+ atlas records per state (quintiles).

Rank	State	Atlas records (buildings)
1	Virginia	281
2	Texas	113
3	Oregon	100
4	California	97
5	Ohio	81
6	Washington	71
7	Iowa	58
8	New Jersey	46
9	Arizona	42
10	Illinois	42
11	Nevada	33
12	Georgia	27
13	Nebraska	21
14	Colorado	17
15	New York	16
16	Tennessee	15
17	Wyoming	15
18	North Carolina	14
19	Utah	13
20	Missouri	12
21	Florida	11
22	Minnesota	10
23	New Mexico	10
24	South Carolina	10
25	Wisconsin	9
26	Alabama	8
27	Maryland	8
28	Michigan	8
29	Pennsylvania	8
30	Kansas	7
31	Connecticut	4
32	Idaho	4
33	Oklahoma	4
34	Indiana	3
35	Kentucky	3
36	Massachusetts	3
37	New Hampshire	3
38	Arkansas	2
39	Montana	2
40	South Dakota	2
41	Maine	1
42	Mississippi	1
43	North Dakota	1
44	Puerto Rico	1

Counts are unique building-layer records in the atlas, not a verified census of facilities. States with no mapped data-center buildings do not appear.

What counts as a record here

The atlas publishes three layers: individual buildings (1239 rows, 1237 unique), campuses (135 rows, 132 unique) and standalone points (105 rows). A campus polygon can contain buildings that are also mapped individually, so the layers overlap and are never summed. This page uses the building layer only, deduplicated by record id (facilities straddling a county line appear upstream as two rows), because it is by far the most complete. PNNL notes that validation of the OSM-derived locations is ongoing and the database is updated as new information becomes available.

Download the data

The dataset behind this page is a derived database under the Open Database License:

pnnl_atlas_records.csv (1237 records: id, state, county, operator, name, square feet, coordinates)
ODbL attribution notice and derivation method
The full PNNL atlas (all three layers, GeoPackage) at MSD-LIVE

Sources

PNNL, IM3 Open Source Data Center Atlas (Mongird, Thurber, Vernon, Burleyson, Akdemir, Rice; ODbL 1.0)
OpenStreetMap contributors (underlying location data, ODbL)
Natural Earth (state outlines, public domain)

Rendered from the committed, validated dataset (pnnl_atlas_records.csv, upstream checksum in its metadata sidecar). Data as of 2026-02-12, last verified 2026-08-15. For how much electricity these facilities use, see data center energy use.